/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.uon;

import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.AssertionUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.Utils.*;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.collections.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.function.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.reflect.*;
import org.apache.juneau.httppart.*;
import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;

/**
 * Serializes POJO models to UON (a notation for URL-encoded query parameter values).
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Media types</h5>
 * <p>
 * Handles <c>Accept</c> types:  <bc>text/uon</bc>
 * <p>
 * Produces <c>Content-Type</c> types:  <bc>text/uon</bc>
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Description</h5>
 * <p>
 * This serializer provides several serialization options.
 * Typically, one of the predefined DEFAULT serializers will be sufficient.
 * However, custom serializers can be constructed to fine-tune behavior.
 *
 * <p>
 * The following shows a sample object defined in Javascript:
 * <p class='bjson'>
 *    {
 *       id: 1,
 *       name: <js>'John Smith'</js>,
 *       uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>,
 *       addressBookUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook'</js>,
 *       birthDate: <js>'1946-08-12T00:00:00Z'</js>,
 *       otherIds: <jk>null</jk>,
 *       addresses: [
 *          {
 *             uri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/address/1'</js>,
 *             personUri: <js>'http://sample/addressBook/person/1'</js>,
 *             id: 1,
 *             street: <js>'100 Main Street'</js>,
 *             city: <js>'Anywhereville'</js>,
 *             state: <js>'NY'</js>,
 *             zip: 12345,
 *             isCurrent: <jk>true</jk>,
 *          }
 *       ]
 *    }
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Using the "strict" syntax defined in this document, the equivalent UON notation would be as follows:
 * <p class='buon'>
 *    (
 *       <ua>id</ua>=<un>1</un>,
 *       <ua>name</ua>=<us>'John+Smith'</us>,
 *       <ua>uri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/person/1</us>,
 *       <ua>addressBookUri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook</us>,
 *       <ua>birthDate</ua>=<us>1946-08-12T00:00:00Z</us>,
 *       <ua>otherIds</ua>=<uk>null</uk>,
 *       <ua>addresses</ua>=@(
 *          (
 *             <ua>uri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/address/1</us>,
 *             <ua>personUri</ua>=<us>http://sample/addressBook/person/1</us>,
 *             <ua>id</ua>=<un>1</un>,
 *             <ua>street</ua>=<us>'100+Main+Street'</us>,
 *             <ua>city</ua>=<us>Anywhereville</us>,
 *             <ua>state</ua>=<us>NY</us>,
 *             <ua>zip</ua>=<un>12345</un>,
 *             <ua>isCurrent</ua>=<uk>true</uk>
 *          )
 *       )
 *    )
 * </p>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
 * <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jc>// Serialize a Map</jc>
 *    Map <jv>map</jv> = JsonMap.<jsm>ofJson</jsm>(<js>"{a:'b',c:1,d:false,e:['f',1,false],g:{h:'i'}}"</js>);
 *
 *    <jc>// Serialize to value equivalent to JSON.</jc>
 *    <jc>// Produces "(a=b,c=1,d=false,e=@(f,1,false),g=(h=i))"</jc>
 *    String <jv>uon</jv> = UonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.serialize(<jv>map</jv>);
 *
 *    <jc>// Serialize a bean</jc>
 *    <jk>public class</jk> Person {
 *       <jk>public</jk> Person(String <jv>name</jv>);
 *       <jk>public</jk> String getName();
 *       <jk>public int</jk> getAge();
 *       <jk>public</jk> Address getAddress();
 *       <jk>public boolean</jk> deceased;
 *    }
 *
 *    <jk>public class</jk> Address {
 *       <jk>public</jk> String getStreet();
 *       <jk>public</jk> String getCity();
 *       <jk>public</jk> String getState();
 *       <jk>public int</jk> getZip();
 *    }
 *
 *    Person <jv>person</jv> = <jk>new</jk> Person(<js>"John Doe"</js>, 23, <js>"123 Main St"</js>, <js>"Anywhere"</js>,
 *       <js>"NY"</js>, 12345, <jk>false</jk>);
 *
 *    <jc>// Produces "(name='John Doe',age=23,address=(street='123 Main St',city=Anywhere,state=NY,zip=12345),deceased=false)"</jc>
 *    String <jv>uon</jv> = UonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.serialize(<jv>person</jv>);
 * </p>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Notes:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='note'>This class is thread safe and reusable.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='link'><a class="doclink" href="https://juneau.apache.org/docs/topics/UonBasics">UON Basics</a>

 * </ul>
 */
public class UonSerializer extends WriterSerializer implements HttpPartSerializer, UonMetaProvider {
   /**
    * Builder class.
    */
   public static class Builder extends WriterSerializer.Builder {

      private static final Cache<HashKey,UonSerializer> CACHE = Cache.of(HashKey.class, UonSerializer.class).build();

      private boolean addBeanTypesUon;
      private boolean encoding;
      private ParamFormat paramFormat;
      private Character quoteCharUon;

      /**
       * Constructor, default settings.
       */
      protected Builder() {
         produces("text/uon");
         addBeanTypesUon = env("UonSerializer.addBeanTypesUon", false);
         encoding = env("UonSerializer.encoding", false);
         paramFormat = env("UonSerializer.paramFormat", ParamFormat.UON);
         quoteCharUon = null;
      }

      /**
       * Copy constructor.
       *
       * @param copyFrom The builder to copy from.
       *    <br>Cannot be <jk>null</jk>.
       */
      protected Builder(Builder copyFrom) {
         super(assertArgNotNull("copyFrom", copyFrom));
         addBeanTypesUon = copyFrom.addBeanTypesUon;
         encoding = copyFrom.encoding;
         paramFormat = copyFrom.paramFormat;
         quoteCharUon = copyFrom.quoteCharUon;
      }

      /**
       * Copy constructor.
       *
       * @param copyFrom The bean to copy from.
       *    <br>Cannot be <jk>null</jk>.
       */
      protected Builder(UonSerializer copyFrom) {
         super(assertArgNotNull("copyFrom", copyFrom));
         addBeanTypesUon = copyFrom.addBeanTypesUon;
         encoding = copyFrom.encoding;
         paramFormat = copyFrom.paramFormat;
         quoteCharUon = copyFrom.quoteCharUon;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder accept(String value) {
         super.accept(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addBeanTypes() {
         super.addBeanTypes();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addBeanTypes(boolean value) {
         super.addBeanTypes(value);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Add <js>"_type"</js> properties when needed.
       *
       * <p>
       * If <jk>true</jk>, then <js>"_type"</js> properties will be added to beans if their type cannot be inferred
       * through reflection.
       *
       * <p>
       * When present, this value overrides the {@link org.apache.juneau.serializer.Serializer.Builder#addBeanTypes()} setting and is
       * provided to customize the behavior of specific serializers in a {@link SerializerSet}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder addBeanTypesUon() {
         return addBeanTypesUon(true);
      }

      /**
       * Same as {@link #addBeanTypesUon()} but allows you to explicitly specify the value.
       *
       * @param value The value for this setting.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder addBeanTypesUon(boolean value) {
         addBeanTypesUon = value;
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addRootType() {
         super.addRootType();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addRootType(boolean value) {
         super.addRootType(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder annotations(Annotation...values) {
         super.annotations(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder apply(AnnotationWorkList work) {
         super.apply(work);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder applyAnnotations(Class<?>...from) {
         super.applyAnnotations(from);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder applyAnnotations(Object...from) {
         super.applyAnnotations(from);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanClassVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanClassVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanConstructorVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanConstructorVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanContext(BeanContext value) {
         super.beanContext(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanContext(BeanContext.Builder value) {
         super.beanContext(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanDictionary(java.lang.Class<?>...values) {
         super.beanDictionary(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanFieldVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanFieldVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanInterceptor(Class<?> on, Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.swap.BeanInterceptor<?>> value) {
         super.beanInterceptor(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanMapPutReturnsOldValue() {
         super.beanMapPutReturnsOldValue();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanMethodVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanMethodVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanProperties(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanProperties(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanProperties(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanProperties(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanProperties(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanProperties(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesExcludes(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesExcludes(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesExcludes(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanPropertiesExcludes(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesExcludes(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesExcludes(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesReadOnly(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesReadOnly(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesReadOnly(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanPropertiesReadOnly(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesReadOnly(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesReadOnly(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesWriteOnly(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesWriteOnly(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesWriteOnly(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanPropertiesWriteOnly(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesWriteOnly(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesWriteOnly(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beansRequireDefaultConstructor() {
         super.beansRequireDefaultConstructor();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beansRequireSerializable() {
         super.beansRequireSerializable();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beansRequireSettersForGetters() {
         super.beansRequireSettersForGetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Context.Builder */
      public UonSerializer build() {
         return cache(CACHE).build(UonSerializer.class);
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder cache(Cache<HashKey,? extends org.apache.juneau.Context> value) {
         super.cache(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Context.Builder */
      public Builder copy() {
         return new Builder(this);
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder debug() {
         super.debug();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder debug(boolean value) {
         super.debug(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder detectRecursions() {
         super.detectRecursions();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder detectRecursions(boolean value) {
         super.detectRecursions(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder dictionaryOn(Class<?> on, java.lang.Class<?>...values) {
         super.dictionaryOn(on, values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableBeansRequireSomeProperties() {
         super.disableBeansRequireSomeProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableIgnoreMissingSetters() {
         super.disableIgnoreMissingSetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableIgnoreTransientFields() {
         super.disableIgnoreTransientFields();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableIgnoreUnknownNullBeanProperties() {
         super.disableIgnoreUnknownNullBeanProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableInterfaceProxies() {
         super.disableInterfaceProxies();
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Encode non-valid URI characters.
       *
       * <p>
       * Encode non-valid URI characters with <js>"%xx"</js> constructs.
       *
       * <p>
       * If <jk>true</jk>, non-valid URI characters will be converted to <js>"%xx"</js> sequences.
       * <br>Set to <jk>false</jk> if parameter value is being passed to some other code that will already perform
       * URL-encoding of non-valid URI characters.
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
       * <p class='bjava'>
       *    <jc>// Create a non-encoding UON serializer.</jc>
       *    UonSerializer <jv>serializer1</jv> = UonSerializer.
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .build();
       *
       *    <jc>// Create an encoding UON serializer.</jc>
       *    UonSerializer <jv>serializer2</jv> = UonSerializer.
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .encoding()
       *       .build();
       *
       *    JsonMap <jv>map</jv> = JsonMap.<jsm>of</jsm>(<js>"foo"</js>, <js>"foo bar"</js>);
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces: "(foo=foo bar)"</jc>
       *    String <jv>uon1</jv> = <jv>serializer1</jv>.serialize(<jv>map</jv>)
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces: "(foo=foo%20bar)"</jc>
       *    String <jv>uon2</jv> = <jv>serializer2</jv>.serialize(<jv>map</jv>)
       * </p>
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder encoding() {
         return encoding(true);
      }

      /**
       * Same as {@link #encoding()} but allows you to disable the previous setting.
       *
       * @param value The new value for this setting.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder encoding(boolean value) {
         encoding = value;
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T> Builder example(Class<T> pojoClass, String json) {
         super.example(pojoClass, json);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T> Builder example(Class<T> pojoClass, T o) {
         super.example(pojoClass, o);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder fileCharset(Charset value) {
         super.fileCharset(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder findFluentSetters() {
         super.findFluentSetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder findFluentSetters(Class<?> on) {
         super.findFluentSetters(on);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Context.Builder */
      public HashKey hashKey() {
         // @formatter:off
         return HashKey.of(
            super.hashKey(),
            addBeanTypesUon,
            encoding,
            paramFormat,
            quoteCharUon
         );
         // @formatter:on
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnGetters() {
         super.ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnGetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnSetters() {
         super.ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnSetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreRecursions() {
         super.ignoreRecursions();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreRecursions(boolean value) {
         super.ignoreRecursions(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreUnknownBeanProperties() {
         super.ignoreUnknownBeanProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreUnknownEnumValues() {
         super.ignoreUnknownEnumValues();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder impl(Context value) {
         super.impl(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder implClass(Class<?> interfaceClass, Class<?> implClass) {
         super.implClass(interfaceClass, implClass);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder implClasses(Map<Class<?>,Class<?>> values) {
         super.implClasses(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder initialDepth(int value) {
         super.initialDepth(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder interfaceClass(Class<?> on, Class<?> value) {
         super.interfaceClass(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder interfaces(java.lang.Class<?>...value) {
         super.interfaces(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder keepNullProperties() {
         super.keepNullProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder keepNullProperties(boolean value) {
         super.keepNullProperties(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder listener(Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.serializer.SerializerListener> value) {
         super.listener(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder locale(Locale value) {
         super.locale(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder maxDepth(int value) {
         super.maxDepth(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder maxIndent(int value) {
         super.maxIndent(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder mediaType(MediaType value) {
         super.mediaType(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder notBeanClasses(java.lang.Class<?>...values) {
         super.notBeanClasses(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder notBeanPackages(String...values) {
         super.notBeanPackages(values);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Format to use for query/form-data/header values.
       *
       * <p>
       * Specifies the format to use for URL GET parameter keys and values.
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
       * <p class='bjava'>
       *    <jc>// Create a normal UON serializer.</jc>
       *    UonSerializer <jv>serializer1</jv> = UonSerializer
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .build();
       *
       *    <jc>// Create a plain-text UON serializer.</jc>
       *    UonSerializer <jv>serializer2</jv> = UonSerializer
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .paramFormat(<jsf>PLAIN_TEXT</jsf>)
       *       .build();
       *
       *    JsonMap <jv>map</jv> = JsonMap.<jsm>of</jsm>(
       *       <js>"foo"</js>, <js>"bar"</js>,
       *       <js>"baz"</js>, <jk>new</jk> String[]{<js>"qux"</js>, <js>"true"</js>, <js>"123"</js>}
       *    );
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces: "(foo=bar,baz=@(qux,'true','123'))"</jc>
       *    String <jv>uon1</jv> = <jv>serializer1</jv>.serialize(<jv>map</jv>)
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces: "foo=bar,baz=qux,true,123"</jc>
       *    String <jv>uon2</jv> = <jv>serializer2</jv>.serialize(<jv>map</jv>)
       * </p>
       *
       * <p>
       * <ul class='values javatree'>
       *    <li class='jf'>{@link ParamFormat#UON} (default) - Use UON notation for parameters.
       *    <li class='jf'>{@link ParamFormat#PLAINTEXT} - Use plain text for parameters.
       * </ul>
       *
       * @param value
       *    The new value for this property.
       *    <br>The default value is {@link ParamFormat#UON}.
       *    <br>Cannot be <jk>null</jk>.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder paramFormat(ParamFormat value) {
         paramFormat = assertArgNotNull("value", value);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Format to use for query/form-data/header values.
       *
       * <p>
       * Specifies plain-text for the format to use for URL GET parameter keys and values.
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
       * <p class='bjava'>
       *    <jc>// Create a plain-text UON serializer.</jc>
       *    UonSerializer <jv>serializer</jv> = UonSerializer
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .paramFormatPlain()
       *       .build();
       *
       *    JsonMap <jv>map</jv> = JsonMap.<jsm>of</jsm>(
       *       <js>"foo"</js>, <js>"bar"</js>,
       *       <js>"baz"</js>, <jk>new</jk> String[]{<js>"qux"</js>, <js>"true"</js>, <js>"123"</js>}
       *    );
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces: "foo=bar,baz=qux,true,123"</jc>
       *    String <jv>uon</jv> = <jv>serializer</jv>.serialize(<jv>map</jv>)
       * </p>
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder paramFormatPlain() {
         return paramFormat(ParamFormat.PLAINTEXT);
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder produces(String value) {
         super.produces(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder propertyNamer(Class<?> on, Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.PropertyNamer> value) {
         super.propertyNamer(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder propertyNamer(Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.PropertyNamer> value) {
         super.propertyNamer(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder quoteChar(char value) {
         super.quoteChar(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder quoteCharOverride(char value) {
         super.quoteCharOverride(value);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Specifies the quote character.
       *
       * @param value The value for this setting.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder quoteCharUon(char value) {
         quoteCharUon = value;
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortCollections() {
         super.sortCollections();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortCollections(boolean value) {
         super.sortCollections(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortMaps() {
         super.sortMaps();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortMaps(boolean value) {
         super.sortMaps(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortProperties() {
         super.sortProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortProperties(java.lang.Class<?>...on) {
         super.sortProperties(on);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sq() {
         super.sq();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder stopClass(Class<?> on, Class<?> value) {
         super.stopClass(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder streamCharset(Charset value) {
         super.streamCharset(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T,S> Builder swap(Class<T> normalClass, Class<S> swappedClass, ThrowingFunction<T,S> swapFunction) {
         super.swap(normalClass, swappedClass, swapFunction);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T,S> Builder swap(Class<T> normalClass, Class<S> swappedClass, ThrowingFunction<T,S> swapFunction, ThrowingFunction<S,T> unswapFunction) {
         super.swap(normalClass, swappedClass, swapFunction, unswapFunction);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder swaps(Class<?>...values) {
         super.swaps(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder swaps(Object...values) {
         super.swaps(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder timeZone(TimeZone value) {
         super.timeZone(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyCollections() {
         super.trimEmptyCollections();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyCollections(boolean value) {
         super.trimEmptyCollections(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyMaps() {
         super.trimEmptyMaps();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyMaps(boolean value) {
         super.trimEmptyMaps(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimStrings() {
         super.trimStrings();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimStrings(boolean value) {
         super.trimStrings(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder type(Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.Context> value) {
         super.type(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder typeName(Class<?> on, String value) {
         super.typeName(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder typePropertyName(Class<?> on, String value) {
         super.typePropertyName(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder typePropertyName(String value) {
         super.typePropertyName(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder uriContext(UriContext value) {
         super.uriContext(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder uriRelativity(UriRelativity value) {
         super.uriRelativity(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder uriResolution(UriResolution value) {
         super.uriResolution(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useEnumNames() {
         super.useEnumNames();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useJavaBeanIntrospector() {
         super.useJavaBeanIntrospector();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useWhitespace() {
         super.useWhitespace();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useWhitespace(boolean value) {
         super.useWhitespace(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ws() {
         super.ws();
         return this;
      }
   }

   /**
    * Equivalent to <code>UonSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().encoding().build();</code>.
    */
   public static class Encoding extends UonSerializer {

      /**
       * Constructor.
       *
       * @param builder The builder for this object.
       */
      public Encoding(Builder builder) {
         super(builder.encoding());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Equivalent to <code>UonSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().ws().build();</code>.
    */
   public static class Readable extends UonSerializer {

      /**
       * Constructor.
       *
       * @param builder The builder for this object.
       */
      public Readable(Builder builder) {
         super(builder.useWhitespace());
      }
   }

   /** Reusable instance of {@link UonSerializer}, all default settings. */
   public static final UonSerializer DEFAULT = new UonSerializer(create());
   /** Reusable instance of {@link UonSerializer.Readable}. */
   public static final UonSerializer DEFAULT_READABLE = new Readable(create());

   /** Reusable instance of {@link UonSerializer.Encoding}. */
   public static final UonSerializer DEFAULT_ENCODING = new Encoding(create());

   /**
    * Creates a new builder for this object.
    *
    * @return A new builder.
    */
   public static Builder create() {
      return new Builder();
   }

   protected final boolean addBeanTypesUon;
   protected final boolean encoding;
   protected final Character quoteCharUon;
   protected final ParamFormat paramFormat;
   private final boolean addBeanTypes;

   private final char quoteChar;
   private final Map<BeanPropertyMeta,UonBeanPropertyMeta> uonBeanPropertyMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
   private final Map<ClassMeta<?>,UonClassMeta> uonClassMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

   /**
    * Constructor.
    *
    * @param builder
    *    The builder for this object.
    */
   public UonSerializer(Builder builder) {
      super(builder);

      addBeanTypesUon = builder.addBeanTypesUon;
      encoding = builder.encoding;
      paramFormat = builder.paramFormat;
      quoteCharUon = builder.quoteCharUon;

      addBeanTypes = addBeanTypesUon || super.isAddBeanTypes();
      quoteChar = nn(quoteCharUon) ? quoteCharUon : nn(super.quoteChar()) ? super.quoteChar() : '\'';
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from Context */
   public Builder copy() {
      return new Builder(this);
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from Context */
   public UonSerializerSession.Builder createSession() {
      return UonSerializerSession.create(this);
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from HttpPartSerializer */
   public UonSerializerSession getPartSession() { return UonSerializerSession.create(this).build(); }

   @Override /* Overridden from Context */
   public UonSerializerSession getSession() { return createSession().build(); }

   @Override /* Overridden from UonMetaProvider */
   public UonBeanPropertyMeta getUonBeanPropertyMeta(BeanPropertyMeta bpm) {
      if (bpm == null)
         return UonBeanPropertyMeta.DEFAULT;
      UonBeanPropertyMeta m = uonBeanPropertyMetas.get(bpm);
      if (m == null) {
         m = new UonBeanPropertyMeta(bpm.getDelegateFor(), this);
         uonBeanPropertyMetas.put(bpm, m);
      }
      return m;
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from UonMetaProvider */
   public UonClassMeta getUonClassMeta(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
      UonClassMeta m = uonClassMetas.get(cm);
      if (m == null) {
         m = new UonClassMeta(cm, this);
         uonClassMetas.put(cm, m);
      }
      return m;
   }

   /**
    * Converts the specified value to a string that can be used as an HTTP header value, query parameter value,
    * form-data parameter, or URI path variable.
    *
    * <p>
    * Returned values should NOT be URL-encoded.
    *
    * @param partType The category of value being serialized.
    * @param schema
    *    Schema information about the part.
    *    <br>May be <jk>null</jk>.
    *    <br>Not all part serializers use the schema information.
    * @param value The value being serialized.
    * @return The serialized value.
    * @throws SerializeException If a problem occurred while trying to parse the input.
    * @throws SchemaValidationException If the output fails schema validation.
    */
   public String serialize(HttpPartType partType, HttpPartSchema schema, Object value) throws SchemaValidationException, SerializeException {
      return getPartSession().serialize(partType, schema, value);
   }

   /**
    * Format to use for query/form-data/header values.
    *
    * @see Builder#paramFormat(ParamFormat)
    * @return
    *    Specifies the format to use for URL GET parameter keys and values.
    */
   protected final ParamFormat getParamFormat() { return paramFormat; }

   /**
    * Quote character.
    *
    * @see Builder#quoteCharUon(char)
    * @return
    *    The character used for quoting attributes and values.
    */
   @Override
   protected final char getQuoteChar() { return quoteChar; }

   /**
    * Add <js>"_type"</js> properties when needed.
    *
    * @see Builder#addBeanTypesUon()
    * @return
    *    <jk>true</jk> if <js>"_type"</js> properties will be added to beans if their type cannot be inferred
    *    through reflection.
    */
   @Override
   protected final boolean isAddBeanTypes() { return addBeanTypes; }

   /**
    * Encode non-valid URI characters.
    *
    * @see Builder#encoding()
    * @return
    *    <jk>true</jk> if non-valid URI characters should be encoded with <js>"%xx"</js> constructs.
    */
   protected final boolean isEncoding() { return encoding; }

   @Override /* Overridden from WriterSerializer */
   protected FluentMap<String,Object> properties() {
      return super.properties()
         .a("addBeanTypes", addBeanTypes)
         .a("encoding", encoding)
         .a("paramFormat", paramFormat);
   }
}