/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.uon;

import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.ThrowableUtils.*;

import java.io.*;

import org.apache.juneau.parser.*;

/**
 * Same functionality as {@link ParserReader} except automatically decoded <c>%xx</c> escape sequences.
 *
 * <p>
 * Escape sequences are assumed to be encoded UTF-8.  Extended Unicode (&gt;\u10000) is supported.
 *
 * <p>
 * If decoding is enabled, the following character replacements occur so that boundaries are not lost:
 * <ul>
 *    <li><js>'&amp;'</js> -&gt; <js>'\u0001'</js>
 *    <li><js>'='</js> -&gt; <js>'\u0002'</js>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='link'><a class="doclink" href="https://juneau.apache.org/docs/topics/UonBasics">UON Basics</a>

 * </ul>
 */
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public class UonReader extends ParserReader {

   private static int fromHexChar(int c) throws IOException {
      if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
         return c - '0';
      if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
         return 10 + c - 'a';
      if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
         return 10 + c - 'A';
      throw ioex("Invalid hex character ''{0}'' found in escape pattern.", c);
   }

   private final boolean decodeChars;

   private final char[] buff;

   // Writable properties.
   private int iCurrent, iEnd;

   /**
    * Constructor.
    *
    * @param pipe The parser input.
    * @param decodeChars Whether the input is URL-encoded.
    * @throws IOException Thrown by underlying stream.
    */
   public UonReader(ParserPipe pipe, boolean decodeChars) throws IOException {
      super(pipe);
      this.decodeChars = decodeChars;
      if (pipe.isString()) {
         var in = pipe.getInputAsString();
         this.buff = new char[in.length() < 1024 ? in.length() : 1024];
      } else {
         this.buff = new char[1024];
      }
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from Reader */
   public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {

      if (! decodeChars)
         return super.read(cbuf, off, len);

      // Copy any remainder to the beginning of the buffer.
      var remainder = iEnd - iCurrent;
      if (remainder > 0)
         System.arraycopy(buff, iCurrent, buff, 0, remainder);
      iCurrent = 0;

      var expected = buff.length - remainder;

      var x = super.read(buff, remainder, expected);
      if (x == -1 && remainder == 0)
         return -1;

      iEnd = remainder + (x == -1 ? 0 : x);

      var i = 0;
      while (i < len) {
         if (iCurrent >= iEnd)
            return i;
         var c = buff[iCurrent++];
         if (c == '+') {
            cbuf[off + i++] = ' ';
         } else if (c == '&') {
            cbuf[off + i++] = '\u0001';
         } else if (c == '=') {
            cbuf[off + i++] = '\u0002';
         } else if (c != '%') {
            cbuf[off + i++] = c;
         } else {
            var iMark = iCurrent - 1;  // Keep track of current position.

            // Stop if there aren't at least two more characters following '%' in the buffer,
            // or there aren't at least two more positions open in cbuf to handle double-char chars.
            if (iMark + 2 >= iEnd || i + 2 > len) {
               iCurrent--;
               return i;
            }

            var b0 = readEncodedByte();
            int cx;

            // 0xxxxxxx
            if (b0 < 128) {
               cx = b0;

            } else if (b0 < 192) {
               // 10xxxxxx
               throw ioex("Invalid hex value for first escape pattern in UTF-8 sequence: {0}", b0);

            } else if (b0 < 224) {
               // 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
               // 11000000(192) - 11011111(223)
               cx = readUTF8(b0 - 192, 1);
               if (cx == -1) {
                  iCurrent = iMark;
                  return i;
               }

            } else if (b0 < 240) {
               // 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
               // 11100000(224) - 11101111(239)
               cx = readUTF8(b0 - 224, 2);
               if (cx == -1) {
                  iCurrent = iMark;
                  return i;
               }

            } else if (b0 < 248) {
               // 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
               // 11110000(240) - 11110111(247)
               cx = readUTF8(b0 - 240, 3);
               if (cx == -1) {
                  iCurrent = iMark;
                  return i;
               }

            } else
               throw ioex("Invalid hex value for first escape pattern in UTF-8 sequence: {0}", b0);

            if (cx < 0x10000)
               cbuf[off + i++] = (char)cx;
            else {
               cx -= 0x10000;
               cbuf[off + i++] = (char)(0xd800 + (cx >> 10));
               cbuf[off + i++] = (char)(0xdc00 + (cx & 0x3ff));
            }
         }
      }
      return i;
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from ParserReader */
   public UonReader unread() throws IOException {
      super.unread();
      return this;
   }

   private int readEncodedByte() throws IOException {
      if (iEnd <= iCurrent + 1)
         throw ioex("Incomplete trailing escape pattern");
      int h = buff[iCurrent++];
      int l = buff[iCurrent++];
      h = fromHexChar(h);
      l = fromHexChar(l);
      return (h << 4) + l;
   }

   private int readHex() throws IOException {
      var c = buff[iCurrent++];
      if (c != '%')
         throw ioex("Did not find expected '%' character in UTF-8 sequence.");
      return readEncodedByte();
   }

   private int readUTF8(int n, int numBytes) throws IOException {
      if (iCurrent + numBytes * 3 > iEnd)
         return -1;
      for (var i = 0; i < numBytes; i++) {
         n <<= 6;
         n += readHex() - 128;
      }
      return n;
   }
}