/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.json;

import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.AssertionUtils.*;
import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.Utils.*;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.nio.charset.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;

import org.apache.juneau.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.collections.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.function.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.reflect.*;
import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;

/**
 * Serializes POJO models to JSON.
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Media types</h5>
 * <p>
 * Handles <c>Accept</c> types:  <bc>application/json, text/json</bc>
 * <p>
 * Produces <c>Content-Type</c> types:  <bc>application/json</bc>
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Description</h5>
 * <p>
 * The conversion is as follows...
 * <ul class='spaced-list'>
 *    <li>
 *       Maps (e.g. {@link HashMap HashMaps}, {@link TreeMap TreeMaps}) are converted to JSON objects.
 *    <li>
 *       Collections (e.g. {@link HashSet HashSets}, {@link LinkedList LinkedLists}) and Java arrays are converted to
 *       JSON arrays.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link String Strings} are converted to JSON strings.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link Number Numbers} (e.g. {@link Integer}, {@link Long}, {@link Double}) are converted to JSON numbers.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link Boolean Booleans} are converted to JSON booleans.
 *    <li>
 *       {@code nulls} are converted to JSON nulls.
 *    <li>
 *       {@code arrays} are converted to JSON arrays.
 *    <li>
 *       {@code beans} are converted to JSON objects.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * The types above are considered "JSON-primitive" object types.
 * Any non-JSON-primitive object types are transformed into JSON-primitive object types through
 * {@link org.apache.juneau.swap.ObjectSwap ObjectSwaps} associated through the
 * {@link org.apache.juneau.BeanContext.Builder#swaps(Class...)} method.
 * Several default transforms are provided for transforming Dates, Enums, Iterators, etc...
 *
 * <p>
 * This serializer provides several serialization options.
 * Typically, one of the predefined DEFAULT serializers will be sufficient.
 * However, custom serializers can be constructed to fine-tune behavior.
 *
 * <h5 class='topic'>Behavior-specific subclasses</h5>
 * <p>
 * The following direct subclasses are provided for convenience:
 * <ul class='spaced-list'>
 *    <li>
 *       {@link Json5Serializer} - Default serializer, single quotes, simple mode.
 *    <li>
 *       {@link Json5Serializer.Readable} - Default serializer, single quotes, simple mode, with whitespace.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
 * <p class='bjava'>
 *    <jc>// Use one of the default serializers to serialize a POJO</jc>
 *    String <jv>json</jv> = JsonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.serialize(<jv>someObject</jv>);
 *
 *    <jc>// Create a custom serializer for lax syntax using single quote characters</jc>
 *    JsonSerializer <jv>serializer</jv> = JsonSerializer.<jsm>create</jsm>().simple().sq().build();
 *
 *    <jc>// Clone an existing serializer and modify it to use single-quotes</jc>
 *    <jv>serializer</jv> = JsonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.copy().sq().build();
 *
 *    <jc>// Serialize a POJO to JSON</jc>
 *    String <jv>json</jv> = <jv>serializer</jv>.serialize(<jv>someObject</jv>);
 * </p>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>Notes:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='note'>This class is thread safe and reusable.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='link'><a class="doclink" href="https://juneau.apache.org/docs/topics/JsonBasics">JSON Basics</a>

 * </ul>
 */
public class JsonSerializer extends WriterSerializer implements JsonMetaProvider {
   /**
    * Builder class.
    */
   public static class Builder extends WriterSerializer.Builder {

      private static final Cache<HashKey,JsonSerializer> CACHE = Cache.of(HashKey.class, JsonSerializer.class).build();

      private boolean addBeanTypesJson;
      private boolean escapeSolidus;
      private boolean simpleAttrs;

      /**
       * Constructor, default settings.
       */
      protected Builder() {
         produces("application/json");
         accept("application/json,text/json");
         addBeanTypesJson = env("JsonSerializer.addBeanTypes", false);
         escapeSolidus = env("JsonSerializer.escapeSolidus", false);
         simpleAttrs = env("JsonSerializer.simpleAttrs", false);
      }

      /**
       * Copy constructor.
       *
       * @param copyFrom The builder to copy from.
       *    <br>Cannot be <jk>null</jk>.
       */
      protected Builder(Builder copyFrom) {
         super(assertArgNotNull("copyFrom", copyFrom));
         addBeanTypesJson = copyFrom.addBeanTypesJson;
         escapeSolidus = copyFrom.escapeSolidus;
         simpleAttrs = copyFrom.simpleAttrs;
      }

      /**
       * Copy constructor.
       *
       * @param copyFrom The bean to copy from.
       *    <br>Cannot be <jk>null</jk>.
       */
      protected Builder(JsonSerializer copyFrom) {
         super(assertArgNotNull("copyFrom", copyFrom));
         addBeanTypesJson = copyFrom.addBeanTypesJson;
         escapeSolidus = copyFrom.escapeSolidus;
         simpleAttrs = copyFrom.simpleAttrs;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder accept(String value) {
         super.accept(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addBeanTypes() {
         super.addBeanTypes();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addBeanTypes(boolean value) {
         super.addBeanTypes(value);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Add <js>"_type"</js> properties when needed.
       *
       * <p>
       * If <jk>true</jk>, then <js>"_type"</js> properties will be added to beans if their type cannot be inferred
       * through reflection.
       *
       * <p>
       * When present, this value overrides the {@link org.apache.juneau.serializer.Serializer.Builder#addBeanTypes()} setting and is
       * provided to customize the behavior of specific serializers in a {@link SerializerSet}.
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder addBeanTypesJson() {
         return addBeanTypesJson(true);
      }

      /**
       * Same as {@link #addBeanTypesJson()} but allows you to explicitly specify the value.
       *
       * @param value The value for this setting.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder addBeanTypesJson(boolean value) {
         addBeanTypesJson = value;
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addRootType() {
         super.addRootType();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder addRootType(boolean value) {
         super.addRootType(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder annotations(Annotation...values) {
         super.annotations(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder apply(AnnotationWorkList work) {
         super.apply(work);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder applyAnnotations(Class<?>...from) {
         super.applyAnnotations(from);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder applyAnnotations(Object...from) {
         super.applyAnnotations(from);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanClassVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanClassVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanConstructorVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanConstructorVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanContext(BeanContext value) {
         super.beanContext(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanContext(BeanContext.Builder value) {
         super.beanContext(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanDictionary(java.lang.Class<?>...values) {
         super.beanDictionary(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanFieldVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanFieldVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanInterceptor(Class<?> on, Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.swap.BeanInterceptor<?>> value) {
         super.beanInterceptor(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanMapPutReturnsOldValue() {
         super.beanMapPutReturnsOldValue();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanMethodVisibility(Visibility value) {
         super.beanMethodVisibility(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanProperties(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanProperties(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanProperties(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanProperties(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanProperties(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanProperties(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesExcludes(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesExcludes(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesExcludes(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanPropertiesExcludes(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesExcludes(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesExcludes(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesReadOnly(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesReadOnly(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesReadOnly(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanPropertiesReadOnly(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesReadOnly(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesReadOnly(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesWriteOnly(Class<?> beanClass, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesWriteOnly(beanClass, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesWriteOnly(Map<String,Object> values) {
         super.beanPropertiesWriteOnly(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beanPropertiesWriteOnly(String beanClassName, String properties) {
         super.beanPropertiesWriteOnly(beanClassName, properties);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beansRequireDefaultConstructor() {
         super.beansRequireDefaultConstructor();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beansRequireSerializable() {
         super.beansRequireSerializable();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder beansRequireSettersForGetters() {
         super.beansRequireSettersForGetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Context.Builder */
      public JsonSerializer build() {
         return cache(CACHE).build(JsonSerializer.class);
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder cache(Cache<HashKey,? extends org.apache.juneau.Context> value) {
         super.cache(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Context.Builder */
      public Builder copy() {
         return new Builder(this);
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder debug() {
         super.debug();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder debug(boolean value) {
         super.debug(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder detectRecursions() {
         super.detectRecursions();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder detectRecursions(boolean value) {
         super.detectRecursions(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder dictionaryOn(Class<?> on, java.lang.Class<?>...values) {
         super.dictionaryOn(on, values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableBeansRequireSomeProperties() {
         super.disableBeansRequireSomeProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableIgnoreMissingSetters() {
         super.disableIgnoreMissingSetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableIgnoreTransientFields() {
         super.disableIgnoreTransientFields();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableIgnoreUnknownNullBeanProperties() {
         super.disableIgnoreUnknownNullBeanProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder disableInterfaceProxies() {
         super.disableInterfaceProxies();
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Prefix solidus <js>'/'</js> characters with escapes.
       *
       * <p>
       * If enabled, solidus (e.g. slash) characters should be escaped.
       *
       * <p>
       * The JSON specification allows for either format.
       * <br>However, if you're embedding JSON in an HTML script tag, this setting prevents confusion when trying to serialize
       * <xt>&lt;\/script&gt;</xt>.
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
       * <p class='bjava'>
       *    <jc>// Create a JSON serializer that escapes solidus characters.</jc>
       *    WriterSerializer <jv>serializer</jv> = JsonSerializer
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .simple()
       *       .escapeSolidus()
       *       .build();
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces: "{foo:'&lt;\/bar&gt;'"</jc>
       *    String <jv>json</jv> = <jv>serializer</jv>.serialize(JsonMap.<jsm>of</jsm>(<js>"foo"</js>, <js>"&lt;/bar&gt;"</js>);
       * </p>
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder escapeSolidus() {
         return escapeSolidus(true);
      }

      /**
       * Same as {@link #escapeSolidus()} but allows you to explicitly specify the value.
       *
       * @param value The value for this setting.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder escapeSolidus(boolean value) {
         escapeSolidus = value;
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T> Builder example(Class<T> pojoClass, String json) {
         super.example(pojoClass, json);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T> Builder example(Class<T> pojoClass, T o) {
         super.example(pojoClass, o);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder fileCharset(Charset value) {
         super.fileCharset(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder findFluentSetters() {
         super.findFluentSetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder findFluentSetters(Class<?> on) {
         super.findFluentSetters(on);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Context.Builder */
      public HashKey hashKey() {
         // @formatter:off
         return HashKey.of(
            super.hashKey(),
            addBeanTypesJson,
            escapeSolidus,
            simpleAttrs
         );
         // @formatter:on
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnGetters() {
         super.ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnGetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnSetters() {
         super.ignoreInvocationExceptionsOnSetters();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreRecursions() {
         super.ignoreRecursions();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreRecursions(boolean value) {
         super.ignoreRecursions(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreUnknownBeanProperties() {
         super.ignoreUnknownBeanProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ignoreUnknownEnumValues() {
         super.ignoreUnknownEnumValues();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder impl(Context value) {
         super.impl(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder implClass(Class<?> interfaceClass, Class<?> implClass) {
         super.implClass(interfaceClass, implClass);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder implClasses(Map<Class<?>,Class<?>> values) {
         super.implClasses(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder initialDepth(int value) {
         super.initialDepth(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder interfaceClass(Class<?> on, Class<?> value) {
         super.interfaceClass(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder interfaces(java.lang.Class<?>...value) {
         super.interfaces(value);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Simple JSON mode and single quote.
       *
       * <p>
       * Shortcut for calling <c>simple().sq()</c>.
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
       *    <li class='jm'>{@link org.apache.juneau.serializer.WriterSerializer.Builder#quoteChar(char)}
       * </ul>
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder json5() {
         return simpleAttrs().sq();
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder keepNullProperties() {
         super.keepNullProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder keepNullProperties(boolean value) {
         super.keepNullProperties(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder listener(Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.serializer.SerializerListener> value) {
         super.listener(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder locale(Locale value) {
         super.locale(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder maxDepth(int value) {
         super.maxDepth(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder maxIndent(int value) {
         super.maxIndent(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder mediaType(MediaType value) {
         super.mediaType(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder notBeanClasses(java.lang.Class<?>...values) {
         super.notBeanClasses(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder notBeanPackages(String...values) {
         super.notBeanPackages(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder produces(String value) {
         super.produces(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder propertyNamer(Class<?> on, Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.PropertyNamer> value) {
         super.propertyNamer(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder propertyNamer(Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.PropertyNamer> value) {
         super.propertyNamer(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder quoteChar(char value) {
         super.quoteChar(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder quoteCharOverride(char value) {
         super.quoteCharOverride(value);
         return this;
      }

      /**
       * Simple JSON attributes mode.
       *
       * <p>
       * If enabled, JSON attribute names will only be quoted when necessary.
       * <br>Otherwise, they are always quoted.
       *
       * <p>
       * Attributes do not need to be quoted when they conform to the following:
       * <ol class='spaced-list'>
       *    <li>They start with an ASCII character or <js>'_'</js>.
       *    <li>They contain only ASCII characters or numbers or <js>'_'</js>.
       *    <li>They are not one of the following reserved words:
       *       <p class='bcode'>
       *    arguments, break, case, catch, class, const, continue, debugger, default,
       *    delete, do, else, enum, eval, export, extends, false, finally, for, function,
       *    if, implements, import, in, instanceof, interface, let, new, null, package,
       *    private, protected, public, return, static, super, switch, this, throw,
       *    true, try, typeof, var, void, while, with, undefined, yield
       *       </p>
       * </ol>
       *
       * <h5 class='section'>Example:</h5>
       * <p class='bjava'>
       *    <jc>// Create a JSON serializer in normal mode.</jc>
       *    WriterSerializer <jv>serializer1</jv> = JsonSerializer
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .build();
       *
       *    <jc>// Create a JSON serializer in simple mode.</jc>
       *    WriterSerializer <jv>serializer2</jv> = JsonSerializer
       *       .<jsm>create</jsm>()
       *       .simpleAttrs()
       *       .build();
       *
       *    JsonMap <jv>myMap</jv> = JsonMap.<jsm>of</jsm>(
       *       <js>"foo"</js>, <js>"x1"</js>,
       *       <js>"_bar"</js>, <js>"x2"</js>,
       *       <js>" baz "</js>, <js>"x3"</js>,
       *       <js>"123"</js>, <js>"x4"</js>,
       *       <js>"return"</js>, <js>"x5"</js>,
       *       <js>""</js>, <js>"x6"</js>
       *  );
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces:</jc>
       *    <jc>// {</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "foo": "x1"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "_bar": "x2"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   " baz ": "x3"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "123": "x4"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "return": "x5"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "": "x6"</jc>
       *    <jc>// }</jc>
       *    String <jv>json1</jv> = <jv>serializer1</jv>.serialize(<jv>myMap</jv>);
       *
       *    <jc>// Produces:</jc>
       *    <jc>// {</jc>
       *    <jc>//   foo: "x1"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   _bar: "x2"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   " baz ": "x3"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "123": "x4"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "return": "x5"</jc>
       *    <jc>//   "": "x6"</jc>
       *    <jc>// }</jc>
       *    String <jv>json2</jv> = <jv>serializer2</jv>.serialize(<jv>myMap</jv>);
       * </p>
       *
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder simpleAttrs() {
         return simpleAttrs(true);
      }

      /**
       * Same as {@link #simpleAttrs()} but allows you to explicitly specify the value.
       *
       * @param value The value for this setting.
       * @return This object.
       */
      public Builder simpleAttrs(boolean value) {
         simpleAttrs = value;
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortCollections() {
         super.sortCollections();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortCollections(boolean value) {
         super.sortCollections(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortMaps() {
         super.sortMaps();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortMaps(boolean value) {
         super.sortMaps(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortProperties() {
         super.sortProperties();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sortProperties(java.lang.Class<?>...on) {
         super.sortProperties(on);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder sq() {
         super.sq();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder stopClass(Class<?> on, Class<?> value) {
         super.stopClass(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder streamCharset(Charset value) {
         super.streamCharset(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T,S> Builder swap(Class<T> normalClass, Class<S> swappedClass, ThrowingFunction<T,S> swapFunction) {
         super.swap(normalClass, swappedClass, swapFunction);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public <T,S> Builder swap(Class<T> normalClass, Class<S> swappedClass, ThrowingFunction<T,S> swapFunction, ThrowingFunction<S,T> unswapFunction) {
         super.swap(normalClass, swappedClass, swapFunction, unswapFunction);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder swaps(Class<?>...values) {
         super.swaps(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder swaps(Object...values) {
         super.swaps(values);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder timeZone(TimeZone value) {
         super.timeZone(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyCollections() {
         super.trimEmptyCollections();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyCollections(boolean value) {
         super.trimEmptyCollections(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyMaps() {
         super.trimEmptyMaps();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimEmptyMaps(boolean value) {
         super.trimEmptyMaps(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimStrings() {
         super.trimStrings();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder trimStrings(boolean value) {
         super.trimStrings(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder type(Class<? extends org.apache.juneau.Context> value) {
         super.type(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder typeName(Class<?> on, String value) {
         super.typeName(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder typePropertyName(Class<?> on, String value) {
         super.typePropertyName(on, value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder typePropertyName(String value) {
         super.typePropertyName(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder uriContext(UriContext value) {
         super.uriContext(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder uriRelativity(UriRelativity value) {
         super.uriRelativity(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder uriResolution(UriResolution value) {
         super.uriResolution(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useEnumNames() {
         super.useEnumNames();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useJavaBeanIntrospector() {
         super.useJavaBeanIntrospector();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useWhitespace() {
         super.useWhitespace();
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder useWhitespace(boolean value) {
         super.useWhitespace(value);
         return this;
      }

      @Override /* Overridden from Builder */
      public Builder ws() {
         super.ws();
         return this;
      }
   }

   /** Default serializer, with whitespace. */
   public static class Readable extends JsonSerializer {

      /**
       * Constructor.
       *
       * @param builder The builder for this object.
       */
      public Readable(Builder builder) {
         super(builder.useWhitespace());
      }
   }

   /**
    * Default serializer, single quotes, simple mode, with whitespace and recursion detection.
    * Note that recursion detection introduces a small performance penalty.
    */
   public static class ReadableSafe extends JsonSerializer {

      /**
       * Constructor.
       *
       * @param builder The builder for this object.
       */
      public ReadableSafe(Builder builder) {
         super(builder.simpleAttrs().useWhitespace().detectRecursions());
      }
   }

   /** Default serializer, all default settings.*/
   public static final JsonSerializer DEFAULT = new JsonSerializer(create());
   /** Default serializer, single quotes, {@link JsonSerializer.Builder#simpleAttrs() simple mode}, sorted bean properties. */
   public static final JsonSerializer DEFAULT_SORTED = new JsonSerializer(create().sortProperties());

   /** Default serializer, all default settings.*/
   public static final JsonSerializer DEFAULT_READABLE = new Readable(create());

   /**
    * Creates a new builder for this object.
    *
    * @return A new builder.
    */
   public static Builder create() {
      return new Builder();
   }

   protected final boolean addBeanTypesJson;
   protected final boolean escapeSolidus;
   protected final boolean simpleAttrs;

   private final boolean addBeanTypes;
   private final Map<BeanPropertyMeta,JsonBeanPropertyMeta> jsonBeanPropertyMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
   private final Map<ClassMeta<?>,JsonClassMeta> jsonClassMetas = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

   private final AtomicReference<JsonSchemaSerializer> schemaSerializer = new AtomicReference<>();

   /**
    * Constructor.
    *
    * @param builder The builder for this object.
    */
   public JsonSerializer(Builder builder) {
      super(builder);
      addBeanTypesJson = builder.addBeanTypesJson;
      escapeSolidus = builder.escapeSolidus;
      simpleAttrs = builder.simpleAttrs;

      addBeanTypes = addBeanTypesJson || super.isAddBeanTypes();
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from Context */
   public Builder copy() {
      return new Builder(this);
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from Context */
   public JsonSerializerSession.Builder createSession() {
      return JsonSerializerSession.create(this);
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from JsonMetaProvider */
   public JsonBeanPropertyMeta getJsonBeanPropertyMeta(BeanPropertyMeta bpm) {
      if (bpm == null)
         return JsonBeanPropertyMeta.DEFAULT;
      JsonBeanPropertyMeta m = jsonBeanPropertyMetas.get(bpm);
      if (m == null) {
         m = new JsonBeanPropertyMeta(bpm.getDelegateFor(), this);
         jsonBeanPropertyMetas.put(bpm, m);
      }
      return m;
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from JsonMetaProvider */
   public JsonClassMeta getJsonClassMeta(ClassMeta<?> cm) {
      JsonClassMeta m = jsonClassMetas.get(cm);
      if (m == null) {
         m = new JsonClassMeta(cm, this);
         jsonClassMetas.put(cm, m);
      }
      return m;
   }

   /**
    * Returns the schema serializer based on the settings of this serializer.
    *
    * <p>
    * Note that this method creates a builder initialized to all default settings, whereas {@link #copy()} copies
    * the settings of the object called on.
    *
    * @return The schema serializer.
    */
   public JsonSchemaSerializer getSchemaSerializer() {
      JsonSchemaSerializer result = schemaSerializer.get();
      if (result == null) {
         result = JsonSchemaSerializer.create().beanContext(getBeanContext()).build();
         if (! schemaSerializer.compareAndSet(null, result)) {
            result = schemaSerializer.get();
         }
      }
      return result;
   }

   @Override /* Overridden from Context */
   public JsonSerializerSession getSession() { return createSession().build(); }

   /**
    * Add <js>"_type"</js> properties when needed.
    *
    * @see Builder#addBeanTypesJson()
    * @return
    *    <jk>true</jk> if <js>"_type"</js> properties will be added to beans if their type cannot be inferred
    *    through reflection.
    */
   @Override
   protected final boolean isAddBeanTypes() { return addBeanTypes; }

   /**
    * Prefix solidus <js>'/'</js> characters with escapes.
    *
    * @see Builder#escapeSolidus()
    * @return
    *    <jk>true</jk> if solidus (e.g. slash) characters should be escaped.
    */
   protected final boolean isEscapeSolidus() { return escapeSolidus; }

   /**
    * Simple JSON mode.
    *
    * @see Builder#simpleAttrs()
    * @return
    *    <jk>true</jk> if JSON attribute names will only be quoted when necessary.
    *    <br>Otherwise, they are always quoted.
    */
   protected final boolean isSimpleAttrs() { return simpleAttrs; }

   @Override /* Overridden from WriterSerializer */
   protected FluentMap<String,Object> properties() {
      return super.properties()
         .a("addBeanTypesJson", addBeanTypesJson)
         .a("escapeSolidus", escapeSolidus)
         .a("simpleAttrs", simpleAttrs);
   }
}