/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.juneau.http.classic;

import static org.apache.juneau.commons.utils.Shorts.*;

import java.net.*;
import java.time.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.*;

import org.apache.http.*;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.http.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.lang.*;
import org.apache.juneau.commons.reflect.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Accept;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.AcceptCharset;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.AcceptEncoding;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.AcceptLanguage;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.AcceptRanges;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Age;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Allow;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Authorization;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.CacheControl;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ClientVersion;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Connection;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ContentDisposition;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ContentEncoding;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ContentLanguage;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ContentLength;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ContentLocation;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ContentRange;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ContentType;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Date;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Debug;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ETag;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Expect;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Expires;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Forwarded;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.From;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Host;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.IfMatch;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.IfModifiedSince;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.IfNoneMatch;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.IfRange;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.IfUnmodifiedSince;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.LastModified;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Location;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.MaxForwards;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.NoTrace;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Origin;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Pragma;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ProxyAuthenticate;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.ProxyAuthorization;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Range;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Referer;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.RetryAfter;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Server;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.TE;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Thrown;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Trailer;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.TransferEncoding;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Upgrade;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.UserAgent;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Vary;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Via;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.Warning;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.header.WwwAuthenticate;
import org.apache.juneau.http.classic.part.*;
import org.apache.juneau.http.header.*;
import org.apache.juneau.marshall.httppart.*;
import org.apache.juneau.marshall.oapi.*;

/**
 * Standard predefined HTTP headers.
 *
 * <h5 class='section'>See Also:</h5><ul>
 *    <li class='link'><a class="doclink" href="https://juneau.apache.org/docs/topics/JuneauRestCommon">juneau-rest-common</a>
 * </ul>
 */
@SuppressWarnings({
   "java:S3740", // Raw Supplier/Header types used in factory methods where HTTP header value type cannot be statically parameterized
   "java:S6539" // Monster class; HttpHeaders is intentionally a single static-factory facade, one creator method per standard HTTP header
})
public class HttpHeaders {

   /**
    * Prevents instantiation.
    */
   private HttpHeaders() {}

   /** Accept header for <c>application/atom+xml</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_ATOM_XML = Accept.APPLICATION_ATOM_XML;
   /** Accept header for <c>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED = Accept.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED;
   /** Accept header for <c>application/json</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_JSON = Accept.APPLICATION_JSON;
   /** Accept header for <c>application/octet-stream</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM = Accept.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
   /** Accept header for <c>application/soap+xml</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_SOAP_XML = Accept.APPLICATION_SOAP_XML;
   /** Accept header for <c>application/svg+xml</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_SVG_XML = Accept.APPLICATION_SVG_XML;
   /** Accept header for <c>application/xhtml+xml</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_XHTML_XML = Accept.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML;
   /** Accept header for <c>application/xml</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_APPLICATION_XML = Accept.APPLICATION_XML;
   /** Accept header for <c>image/bmp</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_IMAGE_BMP = Accept.IMAGE_BMP;
   /** Accept header for <c>image/gif</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_IMAGE_GIF = Accept.IMAGE_GIF;
   /** Accept header for <c>image/jpeg</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_IMAGE_JPEG = Accept.IMAGE_JPEG;
   /** Accept header for <c>image/png</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_IMAGE_PNG = Accept.IMAGE_PNG;
   /** Accept header for <c>image/svg+xml</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_IMAGE_SVG = Accept.IMAGE_SVG;
   /** Accept header for <c>image/tiff</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_IMAGE_TIFF = Accept.IMAGE_TIFF;
   /** Accept header for <c>image/webp</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_IMAGE_WEBP = Accept.IMAGE_WEBP;
   /** Accept header for <c>multipart/form-data</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_MULTIPART_FORM_DATA = Accept.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA;
   /** Accept header for <c>text/html</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_TEXT_HTML = Accept.TEXT_HTML;
   /** Accept header for <c>text/plain</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_TEXT_PLAIN = Accept.TEXT_PLAIN;
   /** Accept header for <c>text/xml</c>. */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_TEXT_XML = Accept.TEXT_XML;
   /** Accept header for <c>*&#47;*</c> (all media types). */
   public static final Accept ACCEPT_WILDCARD = Accept.WILDCARD;

   /** Content-Type for <c>application/atom+xml</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_ATOM_XML = ContentType.APPLICATION_ATOM_XML;
   /** Content-Type for <c>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED = ContentType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED;
   /** Content-Type for <c>application/json</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON;
   /** Content-Type for <c>application/octet-stream</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM = ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
   /** Content-Type for <c>application/soap+xml</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_SOAP_XML = ContentType.APPLICATION_SOAP_XML;
   /** Content-Type for <c>application/svg+xml</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_SVG_XML = ContentType.APPLICATION_SVG_XML;
   /** Content-Type for <c>application/xhtml+xml</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_XHTML_XML = ContentType.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML;
   /** Content-Type for <c>application/xml</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_APPLICATION_XML = ContentType.APPLICATION_XML;
   /** Content-Type for <c>image/bmp</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_IMAGE_BMP = ContentType.IMAGE_BMP;
   /** Content-Type for <c>image/gif</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_IMAGE_GIF = ContentType.IMAGE_GIF;
   /** Content-Type for <c>image/jpeg</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_IMAGE_JPEG = ContentType.IMAGE_JPEG;
   /** Content-Type for <c>image/png</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_IMAGE_PNG = ContentType.IMAGE_PNG;
   /** Content-Type for <c>image/svg+xml</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_IMAGE_SVG = ContentType.IMAGE_SVG;
   /** Content-Type for <c>image/tiff</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_IMAGE_TIFF = ContentType.IMAGE_TIFF;
   /** Content-Type for <c>image/webp</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_IMAGE_WEBP = ContentType.IMAGE_WEBP;
   /** Content-Type for <c>multipart/form-data</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_MULTIPART_FORM_DATA = ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA;
   /** Content-Type for <c>text/html</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_TEXT_HTML = ContentType.TEXT_HTML;
   /** Content-Type for <c>text/plain</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_TEXT_PLAIN = ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN;
   /** Content-Type for <c>text/xml</c>. */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_TEXT_XML = ContentType.TEXT_XML;
   /** Content-Type for <c>*&#47;*</c> (all media types). */
   public static final ContentType CONTENTTYPE_WILDCARD = ContentType.WILDCARD;

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Accept} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Accept accept(MediaRanges value) {
      return Accept.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Accept} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Accept accept(MediaType value) {
      return Accept.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Accept} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link MediaRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Accept accept(String value) {
      return Accept.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Accept} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Accept accept(Supplier<MediaRanges> value) {
      return Accept.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptCharset} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link StringRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptCharset acceptCharset(String value) {
      return AcceptCharset.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptCharset} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptCharset acceptCharset(StringRanges value) {
      return AcceptCharset.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptCharset} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptCharset acceptCharset(Supplier<StringRanges> value) {
      return AcceptCharset.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptEncoding} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link StringRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptEncoding acceptEncoding(String value) {
      return AcceptEncoding.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptEncoding} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptEncoding acceptEncoding(StringRanges value) {
      return AcceptEncoding.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptEncoding} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptEncoding acceptEncoding(Supplier<StringRanges> value) {
      return AcceptEncoding.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptLanguage} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link StringRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptLanguage acceptLanguage(String value) {
      return AcceptLanguage.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptLanguage} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptLanguage acceptLanguage(StringRanges value) {
      return AcceptLanguage.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptLanguage} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptLanguage acceptLanguage(Supplier<StringRanges> value) {
      return AcceptLanguage.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptRanges} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptRanges acceptRanges(String value) {
      return AcceptRanges.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link AcceptRanges} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final AcceptRanges acceptRanges(Supplier<String> value) {
      return AcceptRanges.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Age} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Age age(Integer value) {
      return Age.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Age} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable using {@link Integer#parseInt(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Age age(String value) {
      return Age.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Age} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Age age(Supplier<Integer> value) {
      return Age.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Allow} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Allow allow(String value) {
      return Allow.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Allow} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Allow allow(String...value) {
      return Allow.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Allow} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Allow allow(Supplier<String[]> value) {
      return Allow.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Authorization} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Authorization authorization(String value) {
      return Authorization.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Authorization} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Authorization authorization(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Authorization.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The parameter name.
    * @param value
    *    The parameter value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicHeader basicHeader(String name, Object value) {
      return BasicHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk> to create a header with no value.
    * @return A new header bean.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException If name is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
    */
   public static final BasicHeader basicHeader(String name, Supplier<?> value) {
      return new BasicHeader(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicBooleanHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicBooleanHeader booleanHeader(String name, Boolean value) {
      return BasicBooleanHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicBooleanHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link Boolean#parseBoolean(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicBooleanHeader booleanHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicBooleanHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicBooleanHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicBooleanHeader booleanHeader(String name, Supplier<Boolean> value) {
      return BasicBooleanHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link CacheControl} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final CacheControl cacheControl(String value) {
      return CacheControl.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link CacheControl} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final CacheControl cacheControl(Supplier<String> value) {
      return CacheControl.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Returns <jk>true</jk> if the {@link #cast(Object)} method can be used on the specified object.
    *
    * @param o The object to check.
    * @return <jk>true</jk> if the {@link #cast(Object)} method can be used on the specified object.
    */
   public static boolean canCast(Object o) {
      if (o == null)
         return false;
      var ci = ClassInfo.of(o);
      return nn(ci) && ci.isAssignableToAny(Header.class, Headerable.class, NameValuePair.class, NameValuePairable.class, Map.Entry.class);
   }

   /**
    * Utility method for converting an arbitrary object to a {@link Header}.
    *
    * @param o
    *    The object to cast or convert to a {@link Header}.
    * @return Either the same object cast as a {@link Header} or converted to a {@link Header}.
   */
   @SuppressWarnings({
      "java:S2681" // Each if-branch has a single return; indentation mismatch is cosmetic, not a logic error
   })
   public static Header cast(Object o) {
      if (o instanceof Header o2)
         return o2;
      if (o instanceof Headerable o2)
         return o2.asHeader();
      if (o instanceof NameValuePair o2)
         return BasicHeader.of(o2);
      if (o instanceof NameValuePairable o2)
         return BasicHeader.of(o2.asNameValuePair());
      if (o instanceof Map.Entry e) {
         return BasicHeader.of(s(e.getKey()), s(e.getValue()));
      }
      throw rex("Object of type %s could not be converted to a Header.", cn(o));
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ClientVersion} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link Version#of(String)}
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ClientVersion clientVersion(String value) {
      return ClientVersion.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ClientVersion} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ClientVersion clientVersion(Supplier<Version> value) {
      return ClientVersion.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ClientVersion} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ClientVersion clientVersion(Version value) {
      return ClientVersion.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Connection} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Connection connection(String value) {
      return Connection.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Connection} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Connection connection(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Connection.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentDisposition} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link StringRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentDisposition contentDisposition(String value) {
      return ContentDisposition.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentDisposition} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentDisposition contentDisposition(StringRanges value) {
      return ContentDisposition.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentDisposition} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentDisposition contentDisposition(Supplier<StringRanges> value) {
      return ContentDisposition.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a {@link ContentDisposition} header for a response attachment with a quoted {@code filename} parameter.
    *
    * <p>
    * Equivalent to {@link ContentDisposition#attachment(String)}.
    * </p>
    *
    * @param filename Suggested download name. Must not be <jk>null</jk>, blank, or contain CR/LF.
    * @return A non-<jk>null</jk> header.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException If {@code filename} is invalid.
    */
   public static final ContentDisposition contentDispositionAttachment(String filename) {
      return ContentDisposition.attachment(filename);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentEncoding} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentEncoding contentEncoding(String value) {
      return ContentEncoding.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentEncoding} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentEncoding contentEncoding(Supplier<String> value) {
      return ContentEncoding.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLanguage} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLanguage contentLanguage(String value) {
      return ContentLanguage.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLanguage} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLanguage contentLanguage(String...value) {
      return ContentLanguage.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLanguage} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLanguage contentLanguage(Supplier<String[]> value) {
      return ContentLanguage.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLength} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLength contentLength(Long value) {
      return ContentLength.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLength} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable using {@link Long#parseLong(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLength contentLength(String value) {
      return ContentLength.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLength} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLength contentLength(Supplier<Long> value) {
      return ContentLength.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLocation} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link URI#create(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLocation contentLocation(String value) {
      return ContentLocation.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLocation} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLocation contentLocation(Supplier<URI> value) {
      return ContentLocation.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentLocation} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentLocation contentLocation(URI value) {
      return ContentLocation.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentRange} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentRange contentRange(String value) {
      return ContentRange.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentRange} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentRange contentRange(Supplier<String> value) {
      return ContentRange.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentType} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentType contentType(MediaType value) {
      return ContentType.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentType} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link MediaType#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentType contentType(String value) {
      return ContentType.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ContentType} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ContentType contentType(Supplier<MediaType> value) {
      return ContentType.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicCsvHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be a comma-delimited list.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicCsvHeader csvHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicCsvHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicCsvHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicCsvHeader csvHeader(String name, String...value) {
      return BasicCsvHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicCsvHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicCsvHeader csvHeader(String name, Supplier<String[]> value) {
      return BasicCsvHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Date} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Date date(String value) {
      return Date.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Date} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Date date(Supplier<ZonedDateTime> value) {
      return Date.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Date} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Date date(ZonedDateTime value) {
      return Date.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicDateHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicDateHeader dateHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicDateHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicDateHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicDateHeader dateHeader(String name, Supplier<ZonedDateTime> value) {
      return BasicDateHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicDateHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicDateHeader dateHeader(String name, ZonedDateTime value) {
      return BasicDateHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Debug} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link Boolean#parseBoolean(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Debug debug(Boolean value) {
      return Debug.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Debug} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link Boolean#parseBoolean(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Debug debug(String value) {
      return Debug.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Debug} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value supplier.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Debug debug(Supplier<Boolean> value) {
      return Debug.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicEntityTagHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicEntityTagHeader entityTagHeader(String name, EntityTag value) {
      return BasicEntityTagHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicEntityTagHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an entity tag value (e.g. <js>"\"xyzzy\""</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicEntityTagHeader entityTagHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicEntityTagHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicEntityTagHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicEntityTagHeader entityTagHeader(String name, Supplier<EntityTag> value) {
      return BasicEntityTagHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicEntityTagsHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicEntityTagsHeader entityTagsHeader(String name, EntityTags value) {
      return BasicEntityTagsHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicEntityTagsHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be a comma-delimited list of entity validator values (e.g. <js>"\"xyzzy\", \"r2d2xxxx\", \"c3piozzzz\""</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicEntityTagsHeader entityTagsHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicEntityTagsHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicEntityTagsHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicEntityTagsHeader entityTagsHeader(String name, Supplier<EntityTags> value) {
      return BasicEntityTagsHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ETag} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ETag eTag(EntityTag value) {
      return ETag.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ETag} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an entity tag value (e.g. <js>"\"xyzzy\""</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ETag eTag(String value) {
      return ETag.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ETag} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ETag eTag(Supplier<EntityTag> value) {
      return ETag.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Expect} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Expect expect(String value) {
      return Expect.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Expect} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Expect expect(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Expect.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Expires} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Expires expires(String value) {
      return Expires.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Expires} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Expires expires(Supplier<ZonedDateTime> value) {
      return Expires.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Expires} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Expires expires(ZonedDateTime value) {
      return Expires.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Forwarded} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Forwarded forwarded(String value) {
      return Forwarded.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Forwarded} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Forwarded forwarded(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Forwarded.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link From} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final From from(String value) {
      return From.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link From} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final From from(Supplier<String> value) {
      return From.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Header} of the specified type.
    *
    * <p>
    * Same as {@link #header(Class, String, Object)} but the header name is pulled from the {@link org.apache.juneau.http.Header#name() @Header(name)} or
    *    {@link org.apache.juneau.http.Header#value() @Header(value)} annotations.
    *
    * @param <T> The header implementation class.
    * @param type The header implementation class.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @param value The header value.  Can be <jk>null</jk>, in which case it is passed as-is (or stringified to <jk>null</jk>) to the bean's constructor.
    * @return A new unmodifiable instance, never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final <T extends Header> T header(Class<T> type, Object value) {
      return HeaderBeanMeta.of(type).construct(null, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Header} of the specified type.
    *
    * <p>
    * The implementation class must have a public constructor taking in one of the following argument lists:
    * <ul>
    *    <li><c><jk>public</jk> X(String <jv>headerValue</jv>)</c>
    *    <li><c><jk>public</jk> X(Object <jv>headerValue</jv>)</c>
    *    <li><c><jk>public</jk> X(String <jv>headerName</jv>, String <jv>headerValue</jv>)</c>
    *    <li><c><jk>public</jk> X(String <jv>headerName</jv>, Object <jv>headerValue</jv>)</c>
    * </ul>
    *
    * @param <T> The header implementation class.
    * @param type The header implementation class.  Must not be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @param name The header name.  Can be <jk>null</jk> to use the name from the {@link org.apache.juneau.http.Header @Header} annotation.
    * @param value The header value.  Can be <jk>null</jk>, in which case it is passed as-is (or stringified to <jk>null</jk>) to the bean's constructor.
    * @return A new unmodifiable instance, never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final <T extends Header> T header(Class<T> type, String name, Object value) {
      return HeaderBeanMeta.of(type).construct(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Instantiates a new {@link HeaderList}.
    *
    * @return A new empty builder.
    */
   public static final HeaderList headerList() {
      return HeaderList.create();
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link HeaderList} initialized with the specified headers.
    *
    * @param headers The headers to add to the list.  Can be <jk>null</jk>.  <jk>null</jk> entries are ignored.
    * @return A new unmodifiable instance, never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final HeaderList headerList(Header...headers) {
      return HeaderList.of(headers);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link HeaderList} initialized with the specified headers.
    *
    * @param headers The headers to add to the list.  Can be <jk>null</jk>.  <jk>null</jk> entries are ignored.
    * @return A new unmodifiable instance, never <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final HeaderList headerList(List<Header> headers) {
      return HeaderList.of(headers);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link HeaderList} initialized with the specified name/value pairs.
    *
    * @param pairs
    *    Initial list of pairs.
    *    <br>Must be an even number of parameters representing key/value pairs.
    * @throws RuntimeException If odd number of parameters were specified.
    * @return A new instance.
    */
   public static HeaderList headerList(String...pairs) {
      return HeaderList.ofPairs(pairs);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Host} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Host host(String value) {
      return Host.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Host} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Host host(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Host.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfMatch} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfMatch ifMatch(EntityTags value) {
      return IfMatch.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfMatch} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be a comma-delimited list of entity validator values (e.g. <js>"\"xyzzy\", \"r2d2xxxx\", \"c3piozzzz\""</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfMatch ifMatch(String value) {
      return IfMatch.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfMatch} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfMatch ifMatch(Supplier<EntityTags> value) {
      return IfMatch.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfModifiedSince} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfModifiedSince ifModifiedSince(String value) {
      return IfModifiedSince.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfModifiedSince} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfModifiedSince ifModifiedSince(Supplier<ZonedDateTime> value) {
      return IfModifiedSince.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfModifiedSince} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfModifiedSince ifModifiedSince(ZonedDateTime value) {
      return IfModifiedSince.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfNoneMatch} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfNoneMatch ifNoneMatch(EntityTags value) {
      return IfNoneMatch.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfNoneMatch} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be a comma-delimited list of entity validator values (e.g. <js>"\"xyzzy\", \"r2d2xxxx\", \"c3piozzzz\""</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfNoneMatch ifNoneMatch(String value) {
      return IfNoneMatch.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfNoneMatch} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfNoneMatch ifNoneMatch(Supplier<EntityTags> value) {
      return IfNoneMatch.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfRange} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfRange ifRange(EntityTag value) {
      return IfRange.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfRange} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfRange ifRange(String value) {
      return IfRange.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfRange} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Supplier must supply either {@link EntityTag} or {@link ZonedDateTime} objects.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfRange ifRange(Supplier<?> value) {
      return IfRange.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfRange} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfRange ifRange(ZonedDateTime value) {
      return IfRange.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfUnmodifiedSince} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfUnmodifiedSince ifUnmodifiedSince(String value) {
      return IfUnmodifiedSince.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfUnmodifiedSince} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfUnmodifiedSince ifUnmodifiedSince(Supplier<ZonedDateTime> value) {
      return IfUnmodifiedSince.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link IfUnmodifiedSince} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final IfUnmodifiedSince ifUnmodifiedSince(ZonedDateTime value) {
      return IfUnmodifiedSince.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicIntegerHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicIntegerHeader integerHeader(String name, Integer value) {
      return BasicIntegerHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicIntegerHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable using {@link Integer#parseInt(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicIntegerHeader integerHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicIntegerHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicIntegerHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicIntegerHeader integerHeader(String name, Supplier<Integer> value) {
      return BasicIntegerHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link LastModified} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>).
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final LastModified lastModified(String value) {
      return LastModified.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link LastModified} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final LastModified lastModified(Supplier<ZonedDateTime> value) {
      return LastModified.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link LastModified} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final LastModified lastModified(ZonedDateTime value) {
      return LastModified.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Location} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link URI#create(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Location location(String value) {
      return Location.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Location} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Location location(Supplier<URI> value) {
      return Location.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Location} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Location location(URI value) {
      return Location.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicLongHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link Long#parseLong(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicLongHeader longHeader(String name, Long value) {
      return BasicLongHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicLongHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link Long#parseLong(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicLongHeader longHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicLongHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicLongHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicLongHeader longHeader(String name, Supplier<Long> value) {
      return BasicLongHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link MaxForwards} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final MaxForwards maxForwards(Integer value) {
      return MaxForwards.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link MaxForwards} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable using {@link Integer#parseInt(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final MaxForwards maxForwards(String value) {
      return MaxForwards.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link MaxForwards} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final MaxForwards maxForwards(Supplier<Integer> value) {
      return MaxForwards.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicMediaRangesHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicMediaRangesHeader mediaRangesHeader(String name, MediaRanges value) {
      return BasicMediaRangesHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicMediaRangesHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link MediaRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicMediaRangesHeader mediaRangesHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicMediaRangesHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicMediaRangesHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link MediaRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicMediaRangesHeader mediaRangesHeader(String name, Supplier<MediaRanges> value) {
      return value == null ? null : new BasicMediaRangesHeader(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicMediaTypeHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicMediaTypeHeader mediaTypeHeader(String name, MediaType value) {
      return BasicMediaTypeHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicMediaTypeHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link MediaType#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicMediaTypeHeader mediaTypeHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicMediaTypeHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicMediaTypeHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicMediaTypeHeader mediaTypeHeader(String name, Supplier<MediaType> value) {
      return value == null ? null : new BasicMediaTypeHeader(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link NoTrace} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final NoTrace noTrace(Boolean value) {
      return NoTrace.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link NoTrace} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link Boolean#parseBoolean(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final NoTrace noTrace(String value) {
      return NoTrace.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link NoTrace} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value supplier.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final NoTrace noTrace(Supplier<Boolean> value) {
      return NoTrace.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Origin} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Origin origin(String value) {
      return Origin.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Origin} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Origin origin(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Origin.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Pragma} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Pragma pragma(String value) {
      return Pragma.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Pragma} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Pragma pragma(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Pragma.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ProxyAuthenticate} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ProxyAuthenticate proxyAuthenticate(String value) {
      return ProxyAuthenticate.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ProxyAuthenticate} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ProxyAuthenticate proxyAuthenticate(Supplier<String> value) {
      return ProxyAuthenticate.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ProxyAuthorization} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ProxyAuthorization proxyAuthorization(String value) {
      return ProxyAuthorization.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link ProxyAuthorization} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final ProxyAuthorization proxyAuthorization(Supplier<String> value) {
      return ProxyAuthorization.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Range} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Range range(String value) {
      return Range.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Range} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Range range(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Range.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Referer} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link URI#create(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Referer referer(String value) {
      return Referer.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Referer} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Referer referer(Supplier<URI> value) {
      return Referer.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Referer} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link URI#create(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Referer referer(URI value) {
      return Referer.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link RetryAfter} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final RetryAfter retryAfter(Integer value) {
      return RetryAfter.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link RetryAfter} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be an RFC-1123 formated string (e.g. <js>"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"</js>) or an integer.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final RetryAfter retryAfter(String value) {
      return RetryAfter.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link RetryAfter} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Supplier must supply either {@link Integer} or {@link ZonedDateTime} objects.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final RetryAfter retryAfter(Supplier<?> value) {
      return RetryAfter.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link RetryAfter} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final RetryAfter retryAfter(ZonedDateTime value) {
      return RetryAfter.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link SerializedHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The POJO to serialize as the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException If name is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
    */
   public static final SerializedHeader serializedHeader(String name, Object value) {
      return SerializedHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link SerializedHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The HTTP header name name.
    * @param value
    *    The POJO to serialize as the header value.
    * @param serializer
    *    The serializer to use for serializing the value to a string value.
    * @param schema
    *    The schema object that defines the format of the output.
    *    <br>If <jk>null</jk>, defaults to the schema defined on the serializer.
    *    <br>If that's also <jk>null</jk>, defaults to {@link HttpPartSchema#DEFAULT}.
    *    <br>Only used if serializer is schema-aware (e.g. {@link OpenApiSerializer}).
    *    <br>Can also be a {@link Supplier}.
    * @param skipIfEmpty If value is a blank string, the value should return as <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException If name is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
    */
   public static SerializedHeader serializedHeader(String name, Object value, HttpPartSerializerSession serializer, HttpPartSchema schema, boolean skipIfEmpty) {
      return SerializedHeader.of(name, value, serializer, schema, skipIfEmpty);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link SerializedHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the POJO to serialize as the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException If name is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
    */
   public static final SerializedHeader serializedHeader(String name, Supplier<?> value) {
      return SerializedHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link SerializedHeader} header.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The HTTP header name name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the POJO to serialize as the header value.
    * @param serializer
    *    The serializer to use for serializing the value to a string value.
    * @param schema
    *    The schema object that defines the format of the output.
    *    <br>If <jk>null</jk>, defaults to the schema defined on the serializer.
    *    <br>If that's also <jk>null</jk>, defaults to {@link HttpPartSchema#DEFAULT}.
    *    <br>Only used if serializer is schema-aware (e.g. {@link OpenApiSerializer}).
    *    <br>Can also be a {@link Supplier}.
    * @param skipIfEmpty If value is a blank string, the value should return as <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
    * @throws IllegalArgumentException If name is <jk>null</jk> or empty.
    */
   public static SerializedHeader serializedHeader(String name, Supplier<?> value, HttpPartSerializerSession serializer, HttpPartSchema schema, boolean skipIfEmpty) {
      return SerializedHeader.of(name, value, serializer, schema, skipIfEmpty);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Server} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Server server(String value) {
      return Server.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Server} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Server server(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Server.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a {@link BasicHeader} from a name/value pair string (e.g. <js>"Foo: bar"</js>)
    *
    * @param pair The pair string.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value was <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicStringHeader stringHeader(String pair) {
      return BasicStringHeader.ofPair(pair);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicStringHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicStringHeader stringHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicStringHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicStringHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicStringHeader stringHeader(String name, Supplier<String> value) {
      return BasicStringHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicStringRangesHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link StringRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicStringRangesHeader stringRangesHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicStringRangesHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicStringRangesHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicStringRangesHeader stringRangesHeader(String name, StringRanges value) {
      return BasicStringRangesHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicStringRangesHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicStringRangesHeader stringRangesHeader(String name, Supplier<StringRanges> value) {
      return BasicStringRangesHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link TE} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link StringRanges#of(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final TE te(String value) {
      return TE.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link TE} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final TE te(StringRanges value) {
      return TE.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link TE} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final TE te(Supplier<StringRanges> value) {
      return TE.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Thrown} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Thrown thrown(String value) {
      return Thrown.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Thrown} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Thrown thrown(Throwable...value) {
      return Thrown.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Trailer} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Trailer trailer(String value) {
      return Trailer.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Trailer} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Trailer trailer(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Trailer.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link TransferEncoding} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final TransferEncoding transferEncoding(String value) {
      return TransferEncoding.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link TransferEncoding} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final TransferEncoding transferEncoding(Supplier<String> value) {
      return TransferEncoding.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Upgrade} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Upgrade upgrade(String value) {
      return Upgrade.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Upgrade} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Upgrade upgrade(String...value) {
      return Upgrade.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Upgrade} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Upgrade upgrade(Supplier<String[]> value) {
      return Upgrade.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicUriHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Must be parsable by {@link URI#create(String)}.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicUriHeader uriHeader(String name, String value) {
      return BasicUriHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicUriHeader} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicUriHeader uriHeader(String name, Supplier<URI> value) {
      return BasicUriHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link BasicUriHeader} header.
    *
    * @param name The header name.
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the name is <jk>null</jk> or empty or the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final BasicUriHeader uriHeader(String name, URI value) {
      return BasicUriHeader.of(name, value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link UserAgent} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final UserAgent userAgent(String value) {
      return UserAgent.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link UserAgent} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final UserAgent userAgent(Supplier<String> value) {
      return UserAgent.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Vary} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Vary vary(String value) {
      return Vary.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Vary} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Vary vary(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Vary.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Via} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Via via(String value) {
      return Via.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Via} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Via via(String...value) {
      return Via.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Via} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Via via(Supplier<String[]> value) {
      return Via.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Warning} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Warning warning(String value) {
      return Warning.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link Warning} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final Warning warning(Supplier<String> value) {
      return Warning.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link WwwAuthenticate} header.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final WwwAuthenticate wwwAuthenticate(String value) {
      return WwwAuthenticate.of(value);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new {@link WwwAuthenticate} header with a delayed value.
    *
    * <p>
    * Header value is re-evaluated on each call to {@link Header#getValue()}.
    *
    * @param value
    *    The supplier of the header value.
    *    <br>Can be <jk>null</jk>.
    * @return A new header bean, or <jk>null</jk> if the value is <jk>null</jk>.
    */
   public static final WwwAuthenticate wwwAuthenticate(Supplier<String> value) {
      return WwwAuthenticate.of(value);
   }
}